Oral habits in children pdf

Speech defect. Finger defects Eczema of the finger due to stop this habit, will give it up when their permanent alternate dryness and moisture that occurs and even teeth erupt, but there is a tendency for continuing angulations of the finger. For long-term habits or unwilling patient, contraction, position of mandible, facial skeletal the fixed intra oral appliance is the most effective pattern, forces acting on teeth ad alveolar process.

After active phase of treatment, the The duration, frequency and intensity of suckling appliance should remain in place for more 3 to 6 action determines the intensity of malocclusion. Anterior open bite. Increased overjet. A person 3. Lingual inclination lower incisor and labial with tongue thrust may demonstrate one or more of inclination upper incisor. Mouth breathing: Mouth breathing due to allergies or enlarged tonsils Effects of mouth breathing include: and adenoids.

Effects on growth and general health25 An open bite condition of the teeth. Purification of the inspired air: Difficulty with speech, especially the s and z When air is inspired through the mouth, it is not sounds. The irritants accumulate tongue posture is noted. Example, while watching resulting in local inflammation discomfort and pain. The child is usually restless and is affected by As stated that both tongue thrust swallow and teeth repeated cold, cough and loses general body apart swallow favour development of disto- resistance to other diseases.

Pulmonary development: Use of pacifier With oral respiration the resistance is lacking and The use of pacifier is common in most countries and poor pulmonary compliance is seen. This gives the if it is not stopped until 2 or 3 years of age, it will appearance of pigeon chest. This more than 5 years old, These effects would be more denies the oesophagus essential lubrication and can 20 severe.

The children who use pacifier are not produce a low grade esophagitis. Head: In order to breathe, the child bends the neck 22, 23 6 Risk reduction in sudden death syndrome. It is suggested that pacifier should be replaced in Ear: Mouth breathing may lead to otitis media. In comparison between different pacifiers, despite Lymphoid tissues: Adenoids become hyper plastic the claims, it has been shown that there is no due to chronic inflammation and may occlude the Eustachian tube resulting in defective hearing.

Effects on intra oral structures: 26, 27 Nail biting is a common and untreated medical Moulding action of upper lip on incisors is lost problem among children. The lower lip is heavy and Its rate increases in adolescence, while it declines everted. V-shaped maxilla and high palatal later. This problem is not gender dependent in vault. This is due to lack of normal musculature children less than 10 years of age, but its incidence stimulation from the tongue and owing to the in boys is more than girls among adolescents.

The patients are more likely to have infection and alveolar destruction. Anterior open bite may one forth of patients with temporomandibular joint be seen. Mandible is rotated in a clockwise manner pain and dysfunction have been shown to suffer so that the mandible is in a more vertical and from nail biting habit. Experimental data for the girls. But most of the long face group were This problem happens almost in all cases in inferior predominantly nasal breathers.

So the gingiva becomes air-dried and causes anterior teeth. Saliva over the exposed gingiva becomes inflammation of lip and in severe cases will cause viscous, debris collects on the gingiva as well as on vermilion hypertrophy and in some people can the tooth surfaces, and the bacterial population cause chronic cold sore or lip crack.

Subsequent to Bruxism mouth breathing, most commonly anterior marginal The actions of masticatory system are divided into 2 gingivitis called mouth breathing gingivitis is seen. However, bruxism in nights is Conclusions unconsciously and mostly it is with sound Old habits are hard to break and new habits are hard production. Sleep possible to form new habits through repetition. In bruxism has 2 types: Primary or idiopathic and order to replace the adverse oral habits by good secondary or iatrogenic.

The first type is without habits, an holistic approach is indicated, which any medical reason and the secondary type is includes patient-parent counselling, behaviour whether with use of drug or without the use of modification techniques, use of habit breaking 38 drug. Age: The early stage is utmost important for the good oral 36 prevalence of this habit decrease with age. Techniques to eliminate the undesirable oral habit should be introduced when a Treatment: There is no special recommended program plan, which will outline the replacement regimen, but increasing awareness of the patient, behaviors, is established and when family and intra oral appliances, behavioral treatment and drugs caregiver support is in place.

Pedodontics, 11 2 : 1 Brash, J. Clinical , Dental Board of the United Kingdom, pedodontics. Philadelphia: Saunders , M: Orthodontics Principles and 2 Yassaei. S, Rafieian M, Ghafari R Abnormal oral habit in the children of war veterans. The evaluation and MC The prevalence of oral habits treatment of pediatric oral habits. Dental Clin. Lagos, Nigerian. Health Biomed. The prevalence and Sucking habits 20 Poyak J Effects of pacifiers on early in Saudi children: prevalence, contributing oral development.

Milwaukee, factors and effects on the primary 17 4 : Thumb Pacifier as a risk factor for acute otitis media: sucking classification and treatment. Pediatrics, 3 : Pacifier use an review of the literature, clinical observations sudden infant death syndrome. Children, 81 2 : Thumb sucking death syndrome, are parents getting the revisited. However no prevalence were reported by Kharbanda et al significant gender differences were found in However, the previous literature on the relation to the oral habits in the present study.

Nail biting was However, the cross-sectional nature of the reported to be the least common oral habit present study may fail to find more accurate with the prevalence of 0.

This observation causal relationship that may existed. Hence, is in disagreement with the findings of Shetty an analytical and prospective study is required and Munshi 15 who reported Oral habits, especially if There existed difference in prevalence of oral they persist beyond the preschool age, have habits in different age.

So, early was found in 7 year old children. A very diagnosis and proper treatment planning of significant finding in the present study was these habits will reduce the occurrence of decrease in thumb sucking and tongue malocclusion.

Sunaina tongue thrusting in American children. Anil Agrawal, Sr. He concluded that tongue thrusting significantly Conflict of Interest: decreased with age. A steady decrease in oral The author s declared no conflict of interests. Source of Funding: Nil. Karbhanda et al 18 observed that thumb sucking was more common in girls than boys 5 International Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1 Assessment of ; 28 3 Tongue and of Saudi Dental Patients.

Holm AK. A longitudinal study of dental and anterior open-bite subjects. Am J health in Swedish children aged years. Orthod ; Community Dent Oral Epidemiol ; Butcher AR. Electropalatographic and 3. The cephalometric assessment of tongue relationship between oral habits and function in open bite and non-open bite malocclusion in preschool children.

Rev subjects. Eur J Orthod ; Saude Public ; 34 3 J primary dentition. Traisman A, Traisman H. Thumb and Prevalence of malocclusion and abnormal finger sucking: A study of 2, infants. J habits in North Indian rural children. J Ind Pediatr ; Soc of Pedo Prev Dent ; 16 1 Maqurie JA. The evaluation and treatment Oral habits in of pediatric oral habits.

Dent Clin North Am children - a prevalence study. J Ind Soc of ; Pedo Prev Dent. Graber TM. Thumb and finger sucking. Am A remedial J Orthod ; Am J Orthod 8. Larsson E. Dummy and finger-sucking ; The prevalence of oral habits among occlusion. Effect of facial growth and 4 to 15 year old school children in Lagos, occlusion. Sven Tandlak Tidskr ; Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J ; Willmot DR. Thumb sucking habit and Oral habits in school going monozygous twins.

Br J Orthod ; children of Delhi: a prevalence study. J Ind Soc of Pedo Prev Dent. Shivprakash PK. Onyeaso CO. Oral habits among year-old school children in Ibadan, Nigeria. East African Medical Journal ; 81 1 Prevalence of mouth breathing as etiologic factors of malocclusion in a group of Egyptian school children. Official Journal of the Egyptian Dental Association ; 52 2 Gellin ME. Digital sucking and tongue thrusting in children. Dent Clin North Am ; 22 4 Massler M.

Oral Habits: Development and Management.